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Preventing enemy Ganks

The most efficient way to avoid a gank is turtling, the act of farming away from enemy territory by preventing your creeps from pushing too far by last-hitting enemy creeps at the very right moment and denying your own. In the early game, it is difficult to perform a gank if a Hero is just beside a tower. Not only will the tower deal high damage, but other enemies can easily kill the ganker by using Town Portal Scrolls to reach the tower in time.
Items are useful in preventing the enemy team from ganking. A team should maintain vision of key areas of the map by placing Observer Wards and using Sentry Wards to reveal invisible Heroes. Furthermore, Town Portal Scrolls can be used to assist allies who are ganked on the other side of the map. Carrying TP Scrolls, maintaining vision, and watching the minimap allow a team to quickly gain a numbers advantage over the gankers and kill them.
A common way to protect your team from ganks is telling your teammate when an enemy leaves their lane. In public games, this is done in team chat. For example, calling out "miss 2 bot", "ss 2 bot" or "MIA 2 bot" lets your team know that two enemy Heroes have left the bottom lane and may be ganking.
Some abilities like Mirana's Leap are well-suited to escaping from incoming ganks. These abilities are often referred to as escape mechanisms. Heroes lacking an escape mechanism like Shadow Fiend and Silencer are susceptible to ganks and must be especially careful when enemy Heroes are missing on the minimap. These Heroes can purchase items like Shadow Blade or Force Staff to gain an escape mechanism.
Other Heroes have abilities that help with map control through temporary vision, pseudo-wards, temporary summons, and illusions. Clockwerk's Rocket Flare, Vengeful Spirit's Wave of Terror, and most of Zeus's abilities are prime examples of abilities that reveal the map temporarily for an advantage. Venomancer's Plague Ward is also a great anti-gank tool because the wards provide vision and can be spammed. The minions summoned by Lycanthrope's Summon Wolves, Enchantress' Enchant, and Nature's Prophet's Nature's Call provide vision as well. Night Stalker with an Aghanim's Scepter has protection against ganking – the Scepter gives him the ability to see through cliffs and trees at night. Slardar's Amplify Damage, Bounty Hunter's Track, and Necronomicon have some anti-gank utility.
Source:dota2.gamepedia.com/Ganking